Football, also called association football or soccer, is a game in which two teams of 11 players, using any part of their body except their hands and arms, attempt to maneuver the ball into the goal of the opposing team. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball and can only do so in the penalty area surrounding the goal. The group that scores the most objectives wins. Football is the most popular ball game in the world with a number of participants and spectators. Simple in its main rules and essential equipment, the sport can be played almost anywhere, from official soccer fields (fields) to gymnasiums, streets, school playgrounds, parks, or beaches. Football's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), has estimated that at the start of the 21st century there were around 250 million footballers and over 1.3 billion people "interested" in football. ; in 2010, a combined television audience of over 26 billion people watched football's biggest tournament, the four-year and one-month world cup finals. For a history of the origins of the sport of football, see football
Soccer is any of several related games, all featuring two people or teams attempting to kick, carry, throw or push a ball into an opponent's goal. In some of these games, only kicks are allowed; in others, football has become less important than other means of propulsion. For an explanation of contemporary football sports, see football; football, grills; Rugby; Australian football; and Gaelic football.
The urge to hit a round object has been around for as long as humans have been human beings. The first game of football was played when two or more people acting on this impulse clashed in an attempt to kick a round object in one direction rather than another. Repetitions of football matches in Greece and China date back over 2,000 years, but historians have no idea how these matches played out. To claim that football of some sort was played throughout the Roman Empire is plausible, but the game, often cited in support of these claims, appears to have consisted of throwing a ball rather than at it. to give a kick. Although soccer games were played by the indigenous peoples of North America, they were much less popular than the stickball games that are the origin of modern lacrosse.
Popular 14th and 15th-century football matches, which were typically played at Carnival or Easter, may have their origin in pagan fertility rites that celebrated the return of spring. It was a tumultuous affair. When the village competed with the village, kicked and carried a wooden or leather ball (or an inflated animal bladder) through fields and streams, through doors and narrower streets, everyone was involved: men and women, adults and children, rich and poor, laity and clergy. The chaotic contest ended when a particularly robust or skillful villager managed to send the ball through the gate of the parish church of the opposing village. When popular football was confined to a single village, teams were typically married versus single, a division that suggests origins in the fertility ritual.
The game was violent. The French version, known as soule, was described by Michel Bouet in Significance of sport (1968) as "a real fight for possession of the ball", in which the participants struggled "like dogs fighting over a bone. "The British version, which has been studied more extensively than any other, was, according to Barbarians, Gentlemen, and Players (1979) by Eric Dunning and Kenneth Sheard," a pleasant form ... of excitement akin to that elicited in a fight. Not surprisingly, most information on medieval folk football comes from legal documents. Edward II banned gambling in 1314, and his royal successors repeated the ban in 1349, 1389, 1401, and 1423, all in a futile attempt to deprive their disobedient subjects of their disorderly pleasure. Despite the bans, criminal records continue to refer to lives lost and property destroyed during an annual football game. Relief of Cornwall (1602).
That British popular football did not become noticeably more civilized with the onset of the Renaissance is suggested by Sir Thomas Elyot's condemnation in The Government (1537). He complained about the "bestial fury and extreme violence" games. Even James I, who defended the legitimacy of traditional English pastimes when condemned by the Puritans, tried to discourage his subjects from engaging in popular football. He wrote in Basilikon Doron; or, Her Majesty's instructions to her dearest son, Henry the Prince (1603) that the "rough and violent" game was "more for gaming than to enable [the players] to do so." In Renaissance Italy, the rugged sport of popular football became football, a popular game among fashionable young aristocrats, who turned it into a very formalized and significantly less violent pastime played in open spaces. rectangular delimited arranged in urban squares such as Piazza di Santa Croce in Florence. Florentine football (1580; "Discourse on the Florentine football match"), Giovanni Bardi wrote that the players had to be "gentlemen, from eighteen to forty-five years old, handsome and vigorous, gallant in appearance and good reputation ". the pitch and preserve the scenery. (In 1909, in a moment of nationalist fervor, the Federation et Italiana del Calcio changed its name to the Italian Football Federation.
As a part of pretty much solid neighborhood custom, in towns, for example, Boulogne-la-Grasse and Ashbourne (Derbyshire), forms of people football made due in France and England until the mid-twentieth century. Albeit all advanced football sports developed from middle age society football, they get all the more straightforwardly from games played in schoolyards instead of parks or open fields. In 1747, in his "Tribute on a Far off Prospect of Eton School," Thomas Dim alluded to the "flying ball" and the "unfortunate happiness" that it gave the "inactive descendants" of Britain's tip-top. In the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth hundreds of years at Eton, Harrow, Shrewsbury, Winchester, and other state-funded schools, football was played in structures close to as savage as the middle-age form of the game. When the special alumni of these schools happened to Oxford and Cambridge, they were hesitant to forsake their "unfortunate euphoria." Since none of them were prepared to carry on honestly of another person's school, the main reasonable arrangement was to make new games that joined the standards of a few schools. The institutional reason for the most broadly played of these new games was Britain's Football Affiliation (1863). References to "Affiliation football" were before long condensed to "soccer." Alumni of Rugby School, familiar with decisions that allowed conveying and tossing just as kicking the ball, played their game, rugby, under the aegis of the Rugby Football Association (1871). At the point when Thomas Wentworth Wills (1835–80) consolidated Rugby rules with those from Harrow and Winchester, Australian guidelines for football was conceived. In the US, rugby was immediately changed into turf football. (The name came from the white stripes that crossed the field at 10-yard [9.1-metre] stretches.) Albeit Gaelic football is like these other "codes," that game was systematized under the support of the Gaelic Athletic Affiliation (1884) as an unmistakably Irish option in contrast to the imported English rounds of soccer and rugby.
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